Amelie Bottollier-Depois
Tuesday October 3, 2023
The United Nations Security Council on Monday approved a Kenyan-led mission aiming to bring stability to Haiti, a year after leaders in the violence-ravaged Caribbean nation first pleaded for help.
The Western Hemisphere's poorest nation has been in turmoil, with armed gangs taking over parts of the country and unleashing brutal violence, and the economy and public health system also in tatters.
Haitian Prime Minister Ariel Henry and UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres have been calling since late 2022 for international support to back the police force, but much of the global community had been jaded by the failure of earlier interventions in Haiti.
Monday's resolution passed with 13 votes in favor, with China and Russia abstaining. It was hailed by Haitian foreign minister Jean Victor Geneus as bringing a "glimmer of hope for people who have been suffering the consequences of a difficult political, socio-economic, security and humanitarian situation for too long."
A breakthrough in plans for the force came in July, when Kenya volunteered to lead it and send 1,000 personnel.
The East African nation said the resolution was "the beginning of a new chapter for the fathers, mothers and children of Haiti."
"This mandate is not only about Peace and Security, but also about the rebuilding of Haiti – its politics, its economic development, and social stability," Foreign Minister Alfred N. Mutua said.
The resolution calls for the deployment of a "multinational security support mission" -- not officially a UN force -- with a "lead country" coordinating with the Haitian government.
The mission is initially approved for one year, with a review after nine months.
The force aims to provide "operational support to the Haitian National Police, including building its capacity through the planning and conduct of joint security support operations," the resolution says.
The mission will also aim to create conditions to hold elections, which have not taken place in Haiti since 2016.
Guterres in a recent report said that the security situation in Haiti has only grown worse, with gang members both more numerous and better armed than the police.
Nearly 2,800 homicides were recorded in Haiti between October 2022 and June 2023, with 80 minors among the dead, the UN report said.
- Addressing concerns of China -
The United States has been advocating a multinational force. On Monday, Secretary of State Antony Blinken said his department would continue working with Congress to provide $100 million in foreign assistance, and that the Pentagon is prepared to provide up to $100 million in enabling support.
But President Joe Biden has made clear he will not put American troops in harm's way.
On Monday, the White House voiced its "gratitude" to Kenya for taking on leadership of the force, and to nations such as Jamaica, the Bahamas and Antigua for adding manpower.
"It is now crucial that we focus on making progress in mobilizing the international support necessary to deploy this mission," US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan said in a statement.
For the resolution to pass, China had to choose not to apply its veto. Haiti is one of a dwindling number of nations that recognizes Taiwan, which Beijing claims and has been seeking to isolate on the international stage.
China, in the run-up to the Security Council meeting, voiced doubts and pointed a finger at the United States, highlighting the role of weapons from Florida in aggravating the violence.
Under pressure from Beijing, the resolution expands an embargo on light weapons and ammunition.
Beijing's UN envoy Zhang Jun made it clear that China was still skeptical, stating Monday that "without a legitimate, effective and accountable government in place, any external support can hardly have any lasting effects."
The resolution does not specify the size of the mission, although discussions have revolved around a force of about 2,000 personnel.
The resolution also calls for the support mission to "adopt appropriate wastewater management."
A UN peacekeeping force in Haiti that lasted from 2004 to 2017 introduced cholera to the country, setting off an epidemic that killed more than 10,000 people.
The experience fueled even greater pessimism in Haiti on interventions and contributed to resistance against another force under the UN flag.