Detroit Free Press
Monday September 17, 2018
By Niraj Warikoo
Michigan is one of four states to create "policy academies" to monitor and counter violent extremism.
Photo: Tresa Baldas, Detroit Free Press
The week before Donald Trump was inaugurated last year, the
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) awarded a Lebanese-American group
in Dearborn $500,000 as part of a government effort to counter violent
extremism known as CVE. The department also gave Dearborn Police $51,000
as part of the program.
But the grants drew backlash from
Arab-American and civil rights advocates who worried the money
stereotyped Arab-Americans and Muslims and could be used for
surveillance.
A week after Trump became president, the Dearborn group, Leaders
Advancing and Helping Communities, formerly known as the Lebanese
American Heritage Club (LAHC), turned down the half a million dollar
grant. Other Arab-American and Muslim groups across the U.S., such as
the Somali-American community in Minnesota, also turned down grants,
saying they were being singled out for discussions about violent
extremism.
Now, the CVE (Countering Violent Extremism) program is
back in Michigan again drawing controversy with a new effort through the
National Governors Association, which announced earlier this year it
has chosen Michigan as one of four states to create "policy academies"
to monitor and counter violent extremism. The Department of Homeland
Security gave the governor's association $500,000 for the program. “The protection of Michigan residents is our highest priority,” said Col. Kriste Kibbey Etue,
director of the Michigan State Police and State Director of Emergency
Management and Homeland Security. “This academy will allow us to work
collaboratively to develop a comprehensive strategy to combat violent
extremism and targeted violence.”
But the move has drawn concern
from Muslim and Arab-American leaders who fear the money will be used to
target them. Given Trump's rhetoric against Islam and his
administration's travel ban on some Muslim-majority countries, they say
the programs could be used in negative ways. Moreover, they say that the
bigger problem is right-wing extremism, citing studies that show white
supremacist and anti-government groups are committing more acts of
violence.
Muslim Advocates, a civil rights group, filed a Freedom of
Information Act (FOIA) request last month with the Department of
Homeland Security, asking for details about the $500,000 grant it gave
to the National Governors Association.
Juvaria Khan, a staff
attorney with Muslim Advocates, said CVE programs are both ineffective
and discriminatory, trying to link religious traits such as praying or
style of dress to being a terrorist.
“CVE programs have long been
known to unjustly target Muslim, black, and brown communities,”Khan
said. “Under CVE, the daily activities many Americans engage in will be
viewed with suspicion and potentially criminalized. This is especially
true for American Muslims. We call on DHS to release any and all
documents pertaining to these programs in Colorado, Illinois, Michigan,
and Virginia so that Americans can understand how their communities are
being affected."
Khan cited a study by the Brennan Center for
Justice that 85 percent of the CVE program are targeting
Muslim-Americans. She and others are concerned about the vague nature of
the CVE plans in Michigan.
Ari Adler, spokesman for Michigan Gov.
Rick Snyder, said that the state is receiving $10,000 as its part of
the grant "and is currently under review for how to best use it."
"As I understand it, the grant does not focus on any specific groups or ideologies," Adler said.
In
a statement in April after the governors association awarded the money,
Snyder said: “Unfortunately, targeted violence continues to be a
problem that plagues our nation. Being selected for this Policy Academy
is an opportunity for Michigan to learn from subject matter experts and
build partnerships with participating states as we further enhance our
plans to prevent acts of violence driven by ideology."
But Nabih
Ayad, a Detroit attorney who founded the Arab American Civil Rights
League, said he's concerned that Arab-Americans are being targeted with
the latest CVE program. He also worries about the role that Michigan
State Police may play in the program given that its director, Etue,
shared a Facebook post last year calling kneeling protesters like Colin Kaepernick "anti-American degenerates."
"I find it highly suspicious they gave this to the Governors
Association, who then chose Michigan..which has a large Muslim and very
diverse Arab-American population," Ayad said. "There's a concern they're
going to be discriminatory and selective in their approach. ... There
is no doubt they gave this money earmarked to be basically used against
this group of people."
Ayad said the money could be used instead to promote more diversity in law enforcement.
Brittany
Donald, spokeswoman for the National Governors Association, said "we
are not targeting any particular group of individuals."
"Guiding our work is a firm commitment to respecting and protecting individual’s First Amendment rights."
She
said "the goal of the policy academy is to help these states develop
and implement evidence-based strategies for preventing ideologically
motivated violence, regardless of whether that ideology is based on
religion, nationalism, racism or any other set of beliefs."
President Obama speaks at the summit on countering violent extremism (CVE) in Feb. 2015 in Washington, D.C. (Photo: Carolyn Kaster, AP)
Abed Ayoub, director of legal and policy affairs at the
American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, said the CVE programs
"function as surveillance tools. ... It's not effective in combating
extremism."
"We're not surprised Michigan got selected," said
Ayoub, a native of Dearborn. "Because of its high concentration of
Arab-Americans and Muslims in Michigan, you can almost guarantee funding
will include a component of surveillance."
Dearborn and CVE
In
former President Barack Obama's last month in office, DHS gave a total
of $10 million in CVE grants to various groups and law enforcement
agencies across the U.S. to combat extremism, whether Islamic or
right-wing or other types. The grants came as the rise of ISIS caused
alarm; in February 2015, the White House had held a three-day summit on
countering violent extremism.
But shortly after Trump took office,
DHS canceled those grants pending a review. There was discussion that
the Trump administration was going to focus only on Islamic extremism,
according to a February 2017 report in Reuters.
A few months later, DHS then chose 26 groups for the $10 million in
CVE grants, including $51,521 for Dearborn Police to conduct monthly
training sessions for the public on how to detect potentially violent
people and responding to active shooter situations.
Dearborn
Police Chief Ron Haddad, who oversees police in a city with a sizable
Arab-American Muslim population, has been working on CVE issues for
years with the Department of Homeland Security. He said he spoke about
restoring the money for Dearborn with John Kelly, previously the
Homeland Security Secretary, when Kelly visited Dearborn in March 2017.
But Haddad added that he's uneasy with the phrase "Countering Violent Extremism."
Dearborn Police Chief Ronald Haddad during a press conference at the Dearborn Police Department on Thursday, April 28, 2016, in Dearborn. (Photo: Salwan Georges, Detroit Free Press)
"The
title is inappropriate for the actual training," Haddad told the Free
Press. "That title would infer there is a violent extremist culture that
we're trying to go against."
Haddad said he and others have tried
to get the name changed over the years, but were told by federal
officials that's the way it was designated by Congress for the funding.
Haddad said the CVE program is not about spying or "sneaking up on mosques," but about building relationships and ties.
"Some
people want to build a narrative we're spying on mosques and countering
violent extremism ... which is not the case," he said.
Dearborn's
grant money is used for monthly Community Training and Awareness
Briefings (CTAB) that are held in community centers, schools,
corporations such as Ford, and other places.
Dearborn Mayor Jack
O'Reilly said there have been about seven cases over the years in
Dearborn where early intervention helped defuse potential cases of
violent extremism. A couple of those cases involved youths drawn to
radical groups such as ISIS.
In a separate case in July, federal authorities said it had captured a former Dearborn resident, Ibraheem Musaibli, accused of joining ISIS in Syria.
Violence not limited to one group
But Mayor O'Reilly stresses that the issue of violence cuts across all groups and beliefs.
"There
are young people who are reaching a point of no return and don't know
what else to do," O'Reilly said, referring to incidents like mass
shootings in schools. "You see it every day."
Regardless of
whether Dearborn gets CVE grants in the future, O'Reilly said the city
will continue to work with its diverse communities on making the city
safe.
Haddad said that terrorism and Islamic extremism often get a
lot of attention, but make up a tiny percentage of the violence in
society.
"The 'terrorism' buzzword is a very emotional thing,"
Haddad said. "Since 9/11, it's changed all our lives. But when you look
at the national crime index, you can't even find it" on the list of
major incidents "because the crimes are so infrequent."
"It gets
all the attention and the media talk about it, but when you look at the
statistics ... it's so small, it doesn't show up on the page," Haddad
said.,
Haddad said that referring to Dearborn when talking about
terrorism can be "causing more fear and paranoia" that's not grounded in
reality.
Jaylani Hussein, center, director of the Council on American-Islamic Relations-Minnesota, discusses the Somali community’s concerns about the Countering Violent Extremism program in Minneapolis. (Photo: Jim Mone/AP)
Another problem, say advocates, is that the Trump administration
doesn't seem to be taking seriously the issue of right-wing extremism. A
report released by two groups that monitor extremism, cited in a Washington Post report, showed
there are almost 10 times as many Internet searches in the United
States indicating support for right-wing and white supremacist violence
compared with jihadist violence.
Last year, DHS rescinded a
$400,000 CVE grant it had given to Life After Hate, which was founded by
a former neo-Nazi who now tries to combat white supremacist violence. A
government official told the New York Times it was rescinded after the founder had criticized Trump.
A spokesman for DHS would not comment on the FOIA request and concerns raised by Muslim advocates.
On
its website, DHS said its CVE "projects work in a way that explicitly
does not compromise the individuals’ privacy, civil rights, or civil
liberties. ... Discrimination on any basis is both prohibited and
antithetical to the purpose of these projects."